First-pass yield

First-pass yield is the share of units that come off a manufacturing line meeting full specification without rework. A first-pass yield of 80 percent means 20 percent of units require teardown, repair, or reassembly before they can ship. The metric is a leading indicator of whether a robot program has crossed from prototype-with-rework into a real manufacturing operation.

The threshold matters because below roughly 80 percent, the bill-of-materials cost analysis a company quotes is not the actual delivered cost: rework consumes labor, parts, and time that the published BOM does not capture. Above 80 percent, the published cost begins to approximate reality.